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William Walwyn (''bap.'' 1600–1681) was an English pamphleteer, a Leveller and a medical practitioner.〔David Plant, (William Walwyn, Leveller, c.1600–81 ), (British Civil Wars & Commonwealth website ), Retrieved 8 July 2009〕〔Barbara Taft, "Walwyn, William (bap. 1600, d. 1681)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Oct 2008 (accessed 8 July 2009 )〕 Walwyn was a silkman in London who took the parliamentary side in the English Civil War. He advocated religious toleration and emerged as a leader of the Levellers in 1647 which led to his imprisonment in 1649. During 1646 he wrote five pamphlets in response to Thomas Edwards' Gangraena in which Walwyn was described as "a Seeker, a dangerous man, a strong head". In 1649, whilst held in the Tower of London on a charge of Treason, he published "The Fountain of Slaunder Discovered" and "Walwyns Just Defence" to defend his character against the publication of "Walwyn's Wiles".〔Lee, Sidney (1903), Dictionary of National Biography (Index and Epitome ), (p. 1364 ) (also main entry lix 284)〕〔Walwym is sometimes confused with William Walwyn who was appointed canon of St. Paul's, London, in 1660, but is not the same man. (Lee, Dictionary of National Biography Index and Epitome (1903))〕 The pamphlet had seven authors who were the leading Baptist and Independent preachers in London at the time Arnald, Burnet, Foster, Kiffin, Lordall, Price, and Rosier, but was mainly drafted by John Price who had previously attack Walwyn in print after four of the Leveller petitions were burnt by the common hangman in June 1647 (see "Gold Tried in the Fire"). In Price's opinion it was Walwyn not Lilburne who was the most dangerous of the Leveller leaders. In 1653 when Lilburne was arrested having returned from exile in Bruges, Overton and Prince rallied support, Walwyn however was arrested and held in the tower until after Lilburne's trial was concluded. ==Walwyn's Wiles== This pamphlet was written by seven of the leading London Independent and Baptist preachers and published whilst Walwyn and the other Leveller leaders were held in the tower. The full title was "Walwyn's Wiles, or the Manifestators manifested, ... declaring the subtle and crafy wiles, the atheistical, blasphemous soul-murdering principles and practices of Mr William Walwyn". Walwyn's Wiles was a response to the jointly signed Leveller pamphlet "A Manifestation" (April 14, 1649) which whilst it denied that they intended to level men's estates also stood firm on the principles outlined in ''The Agreement of the People''. In the ten pages of ''Wiles'' Walwyn is variously described as a Jesuit, a bigamist, of having persuaded a woman to commit suicide, and that he would "destroy all government", that he had said "that it would never be well until all things were common", and that he had also said that there would be "no need for judges ... take any other tradesman that is an honest and just man and let him hear the case". In response Walwyn published two pamphlets "The Fountain of Slaunder Discovered" in which he defended his morality, and which had written a year before but held back from publication. The second pamphlet was a direct response to ''Wiles'' as its full title "Walwyns Just Defence against the Aspertions Cast upon him, in a Late Un-Christian Pamphlet Entitled, Walwyns Wiles" makes clear. The ''Just Defence'' contains a great deal of detail of the Leveller movement and the Independents from 1646 onwards. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Walwyn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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